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Functionalized cellulose particles were studied as a potential reinforcement for an unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) system, a common material for automotive applications of fiber reinforced plastics. A preliminary process for incorporating freeze-dried cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) powder into UPR was developed. Three surface chemistries were explored including sulfonated, methyl(triphenyl) phosphonium...
Cellulosic fibers are widely used in biocomposites, paper and paperboard products, and other fiber-based materials. The properties of fiber-based materials are significantly affected by lignin characteristics, especially the lignin distribution in cellulosic fiber cell walls. In this study, chemical (sodium chlorite) and biological (laccase/mediator system) techniques were used to control three fiber...
Optotracing is a novel method for analytical imaging of carbohydrates in plant and microbial tissues. This optical method applies structure-responsive oligothiophenes as molecular fluorophores emitting unique optical signatures when bound to polysaccharides. Herein, we apply Carbotrace™680, a short length anionic oligothiophene with a central heterocyclic benzodithiazole (BTD) motif, to probe for...
In this study, porous carbon films with a high specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity were prepared from cheap cellulose non-woven fabrics (CNWFs) for high-performance supercapacitors. CNWFs were stabilized under the optimized conditions and then carbonized at various temperatures under inert atmosphere, resulting in carbonized CNWFs (C-CNWFs) with a high specific area without...
Mathematical models based on response surface methodology (RSM) and wavelet neural networks (WNNs) in conjunction with a central composite design were developed in order to study the influence of pulping variables viz. acetic acid, temperature, time, and hydrochloric acid (catalyst) on the resulting pulp and paper properties (screened yield, kappa number, tensile and tear indices) during the acetosolv...
The tribological tests were performed on a pin on cylinder tribometer, in order to investigate the application of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as additives in water-based lubricants. The coefficient of friction and wear between a stainless steel shaft and chrome steel ball were measured in the presence of CNC lubricant with different concentrations. The effect of the normal force, the rotational speed...
In this work, we report the preparation of photocatalytically active and easy to recycle porous cellulose-based spheres from polymer solutions in ionic liquid/dimethylsulfoxide mixtures by using the dropping cum phase separation technique. The factors affecting the sphere structure formation in relation to their efficiency as photocatalysts have been studied in detail. It was found that the increase...
The widely tunable physical and chemical characteristics of hydrogels make them advantageous in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, yet their hydrophilic nature might discourage their use as drug delivery systems for poorly water soluble molecules. In this work we demonstrate the sustained release of a large amount of a lipophilic drug (clofazimine) from nanocellulose hydrogels. Hydrogels...
This research was aimed at fibrillating wood (Aspen) particles using ultra-fine friction grinding, facilitated by a sodium hydroxide pretreatment step. Its objective was to examine the effect of grinding on the extent of fibrillation and the rheological behaviors of the products. The morphology of the ground samples were characterized by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy. The extent of...
Expanded nanocomposite production is an evolutionary and emerging technology in the field of porous materials, because it’s characterized by combining the structural characteristics of the nanocomposites with the lightness of the polymeric foams. Three different processes were used in the present study: (1) extraction of two types of nanocellulose: cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals...
Historically, fabrics were considered as a source of warmth and protection against weather conditions. Nowadays, fabrics can be converted into smart textiles and through this process new properties are conferred to them. For that purpose, microcapsules can play an important role in that they can be used within many application areas including medicine or pharmaceuticals. Malaria, dengue fever and...
Biomasses have been used as adsorbents since they are inexpensive and can offer excellent performance in adsorption of pollutants and in water remediation. To increase their performance, thermal decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions to produce biochar has attracted increasing attention. The properties of biochar are affected by the preparation temperature and the type of biomass...
In this work, a nitrogen-doped activated mesoporous carbon aerogel (NAMC) for the removal of methyl orange from aqueous solution was prepared through carbonization and pickling using the chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) as the carbon source and AlCl3·6H2O as both the solvent for chitosan and the hard template for porous structure. The morphology and structural properties were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption...
High performance nanocomposites with good interfacial miscibility and phase separated morphology have received a lot of attention. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were first grafted with hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chains to produce modified CNCs (PMCNCs) with increased thermal stability. Such surface-tailored CNCs effectively influenced the phase morphology and improved...
Surface C6-carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils (TCNF-COONa) were prepared from wood cellulose by TEMPO/NaBr/NaClO oxidation in water at pH 10 and successive mechanical disintegration of the oxidized cellulose in water. Aqueous TCNF dispersions with magnesium and calcium carboxylate groups, TCNF-COOMg and TCNF-COOCa, respectively, were prepared in high yields of 85–90% from aqueous TCNF-COONa dispersion...
Unsaturated Polyester (UP) based composites with 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 wt% filler content have been fabricated by compression moulding technique. The NaOH treated discontinuous jute fibre has been used along with vinyl silane treated zirconia (ZrO2) particle as the dispersing phases. The structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal...
A process consisting of regeneration of crystalline cellulose, dilute-phosphoric acid hydrolysis of regenerated cellulose to soluble oligomers, and enzymatic post-hydrolysis of soluble oligomers in the absence of disturbing solid particles was evaluated as a process alternative for upgrading the obtainable sugar concentration and facilitating the long-term enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by utilizing...
In this study, freestanding paper-like composite films were fabricated using a simple, but scalable and efficient, approach: an environmentally friendly freeze-and-thaw process giving a porous fibrous matrix of cellulose and functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs), followed by in situ chemical polymerization for the incorporation of polypyrrole (PPy). A homogeneous porous fibrous matrix was formed...
Cellulose nanomaterials have properties that make them renewable materials of choice for various applications. However, the utilization of concentrated alkaline, acids, oxidizing or reducing agents in their production presents significant challenges to the environment. To mitigate this challenge and ensure the efficient industrialization of cellulose nanomaterials, lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs)...
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